1. IFR and FFR: Technique of measurement, usage and most frequent mistakes
   Learning objectives: Measurement technique, clinical application and mistakes in the measurement of IFR and FFR, which are commonly used for decision making and guidance in coronary interventions
2. IVUS: IVUS: Use and interpretation of images
   Learning objectives: Interpretation of images obtained with IVUS during coronary interventions and their clinical usage
3. OCT: Use and interpretation of images
   Learning objectives: Interpretation of images obtained with OCT during coronary interventions and their clinical usage

Case-1: A patient who undervent IFR and FFR
Case-2: A patient who undervent IVUS
Case-3: A patient who undervent OCT

1. What has changed in the ESC 2013 Guidelines for the treatment of CRT and have problems been solved?
   Learning obejctives: Novelties for CRT in ESC 2013 Guidelines, mistakes made in practice
2. What to do in ‘non-responders’ and in patients who became a ‘super-responder’ with a nearly normalized ejection fraction after CRT implantation?
   Learning obejctives: Approach to patients with no and a very good response to CRT
3. How to manage ‘device-related infection’, can it be avoided and is there an empirical treatment?
   Learning obejctives: Prevention and treatment of device-related infections in patients who had undergone a CRT-device implantation
4. Expert approach to problems encountered during follow-up
   Learning obejctives: Problems other than infections during the follow-up of patients with an implanted CRT device and their solutions

1. Novel treatment options in heart failure
   Learning objectives: Hints for relatively new and lesser known drugs in the treatment of heart failure ‒ tolvaptan, eplerenone, ivabradine, novel antithrombotic agents
2. A glimpse into the near future of heart failure treatment
   Learning objectives: Promising drugs with on-going studies in the treatment of acute and chronic heart failure ‒ LCZ696, clevidipine, serelaxin, ularitide, omecamtiv mecarbil
3. Follow-up and treatment of advanced heart failure
   Learning objectives: Definition of advanced heart failure, palliative and curative follow-up, treatment options
4. Implantable left ventricular assist devices – replacing heart transplantation?
   Learning objectives: Use of implantable assist devices in the treatment of heart failure and comparison of their effectiveness with heart transplantation
5. Post-discharge monitoring programmes in heart failure and their efficiency
   Learning objectives: Post-discharge monitoring programmes and their efficiency in decompensated heart failure

1. Coronary artery bypass grefting should be the first choice Learning objectives: Evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of coronary artery bypass grefting for multivessel disease in stable coronary artery disease
2. Percutaneous coronary intervention should be the first choice Learning objectives: Evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of percutanous coronary intervention for multivessel disease in stable coronary artery disease

1. Management of multiple valve disease
   Learning objectives: Interactions of valve diseases with each other, the pathophysiological mechanisms that should be considered during the evaluation, type and target valve of intervention
2. Stress testing in the evaluation of valvular disease
   Learning objectives: Do stress tests have a diagnostic and prognostic significance in valvular heart disease?
3. Pitfalls in the evaluation of mitral regurgitation by echocardiography
   Learning objectives: Evaluation of the methods used to determine the degree of mitral regurgitation considering their misleading aspects
4. Management of co-morbidities that may affect the severity of the disease
   Learning objectives: Determination of the conditions that may have an effect the severity of the valvular disease, emphasizing the effects of conditions such as blood pressure, anemia, hyperthyroidism on the severity of stenosis and regurgitation, importance of the re-evaluation after elimination of the condition

1. Carotid intervention
   Learning objectives: Step by step demonstration of carotid intervention techniques from recorded cases
2. Subclavian and visceral artery interventions
   Learning objectives: Step by step demonstration of subclavian and visceral artery intervention techniques from recorded cases
3. Techniques in the superficial femoral artery interventions
   Learning objectives: Step by step demonstration of superficial femoral artery intervention techniques from recorded cases
4. Techniques in below-the-knee interventions
   Learning objectives: Step by step demonstration of below-the-knee intervention techniques from recorded cases

1. Evaluation of aortic valve anatomy and physiology with imaging techniques
   Learning obejctives: Evaluation of aortic valve anatomy and physiology with echocardiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
2. Evaluation in a patient with reduced ejection fraction and low-gradient
   Learning obejctives: Assessment of the severity of aortic stenosis in patients with reduced ejection fraction and low-gradient
3. Evaluation in a patient with normal ejection fraction and low cardiac output
   Learning obejctives: Assessment of cardiac output in patients with normal ejection fraction and low-gradient, assessment of the severity of aortic stenosis in low-gradient, low-flow aortic stenosis with preserved ejection fraction
4. Imaging before and during TAVI
   Learning obejctives: Use of imaging methods for appropriate patient, valve and route selection before TAVI, role of imaging in the evaluation of complications during and after the procedure
5. Approach to aortic stenosis in line with the new Valvular Heart Diseases Guidelines
   Learning obejctives: Management and follow-up of the patients with aortic stenosis in line with the current ESC and ACC/AHA guidelines

1. Is there a need for advanced lipid testing?
   Learning objectives: Is advanced lipid testing necessary for the planning of treatment and impact of prognosis?
2. Should hypertriglyceridemia be treated?
   Learning objectives: Is high triglycerides a cardiovascular risk factor? Shall we treat high triglycerides in light of recent studies and latest guidelines?
3. Should residual risk be a target for treatment?
   Learning objectives: What is residual risk and should it be treated? Which patients need treatment for residual risk and what should target values be?
4. Is there a role for fibrates, niacin and ezetimibe in dyslipidemia treatment?
   Learning objectives: Do fibrates, niacin and ezetemibe have an effect on prognosis according to recent studies? What is their place in the management based on current guidelines?

1. Rate or rhythm control?
   Learning obejctives: Does rate of rhythm control work best? What are the recent findings and do they support the results of AFFIRM study?
2. How to choose the antiarrhythmic agent?
   Learning obejctives: Choice of antiarrhythmic drugs for rhythm and rate control based on the characteristics of the patients with atrial fibrillation
3. Which patients should undergo catheter ablation? Main ablation techniques and their results
   Learning obejctives: Patients who would benefit from catheter ablation most, brief information on the frequently used techniques and their results
4. How to anticoagulate patients for stroke prevention? Do interventional techniques have a place?
   Learning obejctives: Use of medical and interventional treatments for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation in light of recent information

1. Diagnosis and management of deep venous thrombosis
   Learning objectives: Risk factors for DVT, the choice of diagnostic tests and treatment approaches
2. How should step by step approach to diagnosis of pulmonary embolism be?
   Learning objectives: Initial risk classification in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism, scores used in clinical evaluation, risk classification, selecting diagnostic tests considering clinical scores and diagnostic algorithms
3. Medical treatment in pulmonary embolism: To whom? When? How?
   Learning objectives: Risk based on prognostic scores, determination of the treatment approach according to the risk level, summary of important facts in anticoagulant therapy in addition to the recommendations for DVT treatment; to whom and how to give thrombolytic therapy?
4. Interventional and surgical treatment of pulmonary embolism: To whom? When? How?
   Learning objectives: Surgical embolectomy, percutaneous catheter-based therapy and place of venous filters in the treatment of pulmonary embolism

1. Management of heart failure in advanced COPD
   Learning objectives: Effect and contribution of COPD to the burden of acute and chronic heart failure, tips for treatment. Are beta-blockers safe? Should beta-mimetics be avoided?
2. Management of heart failure in severe cardiorenal syndrome
   Learning objectives: What are the issues that should be considered in case of low eGFR? How does it affect the prognosis according to current evidence?
3. Management of heart failure in severe anaemia
   Learning objectives: What is the prevalence of anaemia in acute and chronic heart failure? How to diagnose it (haemoglobin, transferrin saturation), its contribution to disease burden (innocent bystander?) and how to fight with it?
4. Management of heart failure in the presence of electrolyte imbalance
   Learning objectives: Evaluation of hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia and hypomagnesemia in heart failure
5. Management of heart failure in the presence of arrhythmias
   Learning objectives: How to manage an atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular rate, a long-lasting hemodynamically stable ventricular tachycardia and other arrhythmias in acute and chronic heart failure?

1. What is Turkish Board for Accreditaiton in Cardiology (TBAC) doing?
2. Current situation of the cardiology specialization education in Turkey)
3. The causes of failure in Qualifying and Certifying Examination of TBAC
4. Evaluation of the cardiology specialization education in Turkey and the activities of TBAC from the Young Cardiologists’ perspective

1. How to choose the most appropriate antiplatelet drug?
   Learning objectives: Selecting the most appropriate treatment for the patient considering basic pharmacological properties of different antiplatelet drugs and their clinical evidence
2. How to choose the most appropriate anticoagulant drug?
   Learning objectives: Alternatives of anticoagulant therapy, choice of anticoagulant agent based on the patient characteristics, facts to know about anticoagulant and antiplatelet treatment combinations
3. What is the optimal timing of interventional treatment?
   Learning objectives: Which patients should undergo interventional treatment? When should it be performed?
4. Difficult scenario 1: Patients with atrial fibrillation and receiving an anticoagulant
   Learning objectives: Choice of stents in patients with atrial fibrillation and receiving anticoagulant therapy; antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy strategies during and after the procedure
5. Difficult scenario 2: Approach in patients with bleeding, algorithm for management
   Learning objectives: Algorithms based approach and recommendations on transfusion in patients treated for acute coronary syndrome and developed bleeding

1. Cardiac tamponade
   Learning obejctives: Role of imaging for the diagnosis and puncture of effusion in cardiac tamponade
2. Pulmonary embolism
   Learning obejctives: Role of imaging for the diagnosis and determination of treatment strategy in pulmonary embolism
3. Acute aortic syndromes
   Learning obejctives: Use of imaging methods for the evaluation of acute aortic dissection, aortic intramural hematoma and ulcerated atherosclerotic plaques
4. Acute coronary syndrome
   Learning obejctives: Role of imaging for the differential diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes
5. Acute valvular pathologies
   Learning obejctives: Role of echocardiography for the evaluation of acute regurgitations or occlusions due to thrombus or vegetation in native and prosthetic heart valves

1. TUBITAK research funding programmes / EU framework programmes
   Learning objectives: Which TUBITAK funding (grant) programmes are important for cardiovascular research? What is the role of TUBITAK for the framework programmes in our country?
2. Tips and tricks for the preparation of TUBITAK/international projects
3. How should scientific research methodology be?
   Learning objectives: How to setup the hypothesis? How to test and calculate the sample size?
   Which studies require an ethical approval?
4. How to get a manuscript accepted for publication in a high-impact journal?
   Learning objectives: How to draw the attention of the editor? What are the tricks for writing an abstract, introduction and discussion?

1. Sudden cardiac death in young people
   Learning objectives: Causes of sudden cardiac death in the young, especially in athletes, how to predict and treat it
2. Life threatening arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction
   Learning objectives: Serious ventricular arrhythmias developing in AMI, causes of heart blockages and recent approaches in treatment
3. Device therapies for arrhythmias in patients with structural heart disease
   Learning objectives: Discussion of PM, ICD and CRT therapies in patients with structural heart disease
4. Catheter ablation of sustained ventricular arrhythmias
   Learning objectives: Indications and methods of catheter ablation in patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation

1. How to achieve the best guiding catheter support?
   Learning objectives: Main types of guiding catheters and selection of the best guiding catheter based on case examples
2. What to pay attention in the selection of guidewires for non-CTO patients? How to pass to the distal part of the legion easily?
   Learning objectives: Types of routine guidewires used in non-CTO cases, how to select them appropriately and technical options when it is difficult to pass the guidewire to the distal part of the lesion
3. What to do when the balloon or stent cannot pass over the guidewire?
   Learning objectives: Techniques and assisting devices that may be used when the guidewire passes through the lesion but balloon or stent can not be proceeded over the wire
4. What to do when guidewire or balloon can not be passed to the side branch in bifurcation?
   Learning objectives: Techniques and assisting devices that can be used before or after stentting when guidewire or balloon cannot be passed to the side branch of bifurcation lesions
5. Major dissection, coronary rupture: Can we predict them and what shall we do?
   Learning objectives: Discussion of the predictors for the development of major dissection and coronary rupture as a complication of PCI and their treatment strategies

1. Diagnosis and management of deep venous thrombosis
   Learning objectives: Risk factors for DVT, the choice of diagnostic tests and treatment approaches
2. How should step by step approach to diagnosis of pulmonary embolism be?
   Learning objectives: Initial risk classification in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism, scores used in clinical evaluation, risk classification, selecting diagnostic tests considering clinical scores and diagnostic algorithm
3. Medical treatment in pulmonary embolism: To whom? When? How?
   Learning objectives: Risk based on prognostic scores, determination of the treatment approach according to the risk level, summary of important facts in anticoagulant therapy in addition to the recommendations for DVT treatment; to whom and how to give thrombolytic therapy?
4. Interventional and surgical treatment of pulmonary embolism: To whom? When? How?
   Learning objectives: Surgical embolectomy, percutaneous catheter-based therapy and place of venous filters in the treatment of pulmonary embolism

1. International Atherosclerosis Guidelines
   Learning objectives: Evaluation of the approach of International Atherosclerosis Guidelines to diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia
2. ATP 4 Guidelines
   Learning objectives: Evaluation of the approach of ATP 4 Guidelines to diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia
3. ESC Guidelines
   Learning objectives: Evaluation of the approach of ESC Guidelines to diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia
4. Last Word
   Learning objectives: Evaluation of the approach of IAS, ATP 4 and ESC Guidelines to diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia

1. Role of imaging in atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale closure
Learning obejctives: Echocardiographic evaluation of the septum, selection of suitable candidates for ASD and PFO closure; role of echocardiography during and after the procedure
2. Importance of multimodality imaging in TAVI
Learning obejctives: Selection of suitable candidates for TAVI, selection of appropriate valve and route of approach with imaging, role of computed tomography and echocardiography during and after the procedure and in the detection of procedure-related complications
3. Importance of echocardiography in the selection of the appropriate patient for MitraClip and during the procedure
Learning obejctives: Selection of the appropriate patient for MitraClip and role of echocardiography during the procedure
4. Use of echocardiography for the closure of paravalvular leaks
Learning obejctives: Echocardiographic assessment of paravalvular leak, follow-up during and after the procedure
5. Where should we look at with imaging during ablation procedures?
Learning obejctives: Echocardiographic and computed tomographic evaluation of the anatomical structures necessary for ablation, role of imaging during and after the procedure

1. Catheter based treatment of pulmonary embolism
Learning objectives: Discussion of catheters and techniques used for thrombectomy in pulmonary embolism
2. Interventional treatment of deep venous thrombosis: fact or fiction?
Learning objectives: Discussion of catheters and thecniques used for thrombectomy or thrombolysis in deep venous thrombosis
3. Below-the-knee interventions: use has increased progessively
Learning objectives: Discussion of techniques and devices used for below-the-knee interventios
4. A new primary treatment: catheter based treatment of acute stroke
Learning objectives: Discussion of catheters and techniques used for thrombectomy or thrombolysis in acute stroke

1. Treatment options in stable coronary artery disease and their costs
2. Cost and efficiency
3. Rational treatment in interventional cardiology
4. Rational drug use in non-interventional cardiology

1. Pre-hospital
Learning objectives: Pre-hospital diagnosis and treatment; pre-hospital fibrinolysis; definitions of delays, ideal time intervals after the onset of symptoms and strategies to achieve ideal time intervals; transfer based on reperfusion strategy
2. How to choose the best antiplatelet and anticoagulant drug?
Learning objectives: Alternatives of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies, approach to drug selection based on the patients and procedural characteristics
3. Is there a place for thrombus aspiration in primary PCI? How to prevent and manage no reflow phenomenon?
Learning objectives: Data on thrombectomy in primary PCI; to whom should it be performed; predictors, prevention and management of noreflow phenomenon
4. How to choose stents in primary PCI?
Learning objectives: Choice of stents in primary PCI; evaluation of the use of self-expandable and bioabsorbable coronary stents in primary PCI in light of recent data
5. Primary PCI network in Bosnia and Herzegovina; problems and solutions
Learning objectives: Problems encountered during implementation of Stent for Life project in Bosnia and Herzegovina and their solutions

1. Jugular and subclavian vein catheterization
Learning objectives: Jugular and subclavian vein catheterization techniques; early recognition of common problems during and after the procedure and approach to these problems
2. Pericardiocentesis
Learning objectives: Pericardiocentesis techniques; early recognition of common problems during and after the procedure and approach to these problems
3. Insertion of a temporary pacemaker
Learning objectives: Techniques, settings of temporary pacing, common problems
4. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP)
Learning objectives: Indications and contraindications for the application of IABP; techniques, tips and tricks for IABP insertion; considerations during follow-up

1. ECG and chest radiography:
Learning objectives: Place of ECG in the differential diagnosis, how does CXR affect our diagnostic process?
2. Biomarkers
Learning objectives: Natriuretic peptides and others, do we use adequately? When to use them?
3. Echocardiography and thoracic ultrasound
Learning objectives: Practical echocardiographic examination in acute and chronic heart failure, thoracic ultrasound, lung comet
4. Imaging methods other than echocardiography
Learning objectives: MRI and other methods, differential diagnosis of non-compaction and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, etc..

1. NICE - CHEP Guidelines
Learning objectives: Diagnosis of hypertension, risk stratification, target blood pressure values according to age group and concomitant diseases and algorithms in the drug selection based on NICE - CHEP guidelines 2. JNC8/ ISH / ASH kılavuzu
2. JNC 8/ ISH / ASH Guidelines
Learning objectives: Diagnosis of hypertension, risk stratification, target blood pressure values according to age group and concomitant diseases and algorithms in the drug selection based on JNC 8/ ISH / ASH guidelines
3. ESC Guidelines
Learning objectives: Diagnosis of hypertension, risk stratification, target blood pressure values according to age group and concomitant diseases and algorithms in the drug selection based on ESC guidelines
4. Last word
Learning objectives: Which of the different guidelines on diagnosis, risk estimation, target blood pressure and management of hypertension is most close and applicable to the facts of our country

1. Increased transprosthetic gradient, patient-prosthesis mismatch
Learning objectives: Possible causes of increased gradient across the prosthetic valve, differential diagnosis with imaging methods, management in patient-prosthesis mismatch
2. Bioprosthetic valve degeneration
Learning objectives: Follow-up of patients with bioprosthetic valves, diagnosis of degeneration and timing of treatment with imaging methods and approach to patient
3. Approach to prosthetic valve thrombosis
Learning objectives: Diagnosis of prosthetic valve thrombosis with imaging methods and discussion of management strategies
4. Apprpach to prosthetic paravalvular leaks
Learning objectives: Diagnosis of paravalvular leaks with imaging methods and management strategies

1. TAVİ: Selection of the appropriate patient, application techniques demonstrated with recorded cases
Learning objectives: Review of TAVI indications and discussion of practical application techniques from recorded cases
2. TAVİ: Procedural complicatons, post-procedural and long-term follow-up
Learning objectives: Main complications encountered during TAVI procedure and ways of preventing them, post-procedural in-hospital and long term follow-up
3. Transcatheter mitral valve repair: selection of the patient and application techniques demonstrated with recorded cases
Learning objectives: Review of the major transcatheter mitral valve repair techniques and their indications, practical application techniques demostrated with recorded cases
4. Transcatheter tretament of paravalvular leaks
Learning objectives: Discussion of an appropriate patient for the transcatheter paravalvular leak treatment, application techniques demostrated with recorded cases

1. What is the target blood pressure in hypertensive patients? Is there a J curve?
Learning objectives: What is the target blood pressure in stable coronary artery disease? Is aggressive blood pressure lowering dangerous?
2. Should we only target LDL-C? What to do for HDL-C and triglycerides?
Learning objectives: Should we only target LDL-C in stable coronary artery disease? Shall we treat low HDL-C and high triglycerides?
3. Treatment options in refractory angina
Learning objectives: How to treat refractory angina in stable coronary artery disease?
4. Which asymptomatic patient should undergo revascularization?
Learning objectives: Evaluation of asymptomatic patients and indications for revascularization, e.g. in patients undergoing a non-cardiac surgery
5. Nuclear or CT, which one should we use for diagnosis?
Learning objectives: Evaluation of non-invasive imaging modalities in the diagnosis of stable coronary artery disease

1. Comparison of drug-specific characteristics
Learning objectives: Drug-specific pharmacokinetics of novel oral anticoagulants, drug and food interactions, and facts to know about the efficacy of the tests used to measure their anticoagulant activity
2. Results of studies conducted in atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease, and clinical conclusions
Learning objectives: Results of the studies conducted with novel oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease; their clinical implications; combinations of novel oral anticoagulants with antiplatelet therapies
3. Approach in bleeding, percutaneous and surgical interventions
Learning objectives: What to do for patients using novel oral anticoagulants in case of bleeding? Approaches before, during and after percutaneous interventions (coronary, electrophysiological) and in patients undergoing surgical operations
4. Approach to dosing errors, renal failure and drug switching
Learning objectives: Approach to dosing errors in patients receiving novel oral anticoagulants, usage in the presence of renal failure and practical recommendations on switching from an anticoagulant to another

1. Shall we eat eggs, meat, chocolate?
Learning objectives: Response to the questions ‘How should we consume egg and meat in our daily lives? Is consuming chocolate beneficial?’
2. Is it possible to lose weight while maintaining our health? How?
Learning objectives: Response to questions ‘May our health further deteriorate while fighting with obesity? How to loose weight while preserving our health?’
3. Should our patients use vitamins and fish oil?
Learning objectives: Response to questions ‘Is there a role of vitamins in cardiovascular prevention?
Is fish oil beneficial? In which cases shall we recommend vitamins and fish oil?’
4. Much talked about statins
Learning objectives: Response to questions frequently asked in media ‘Are statins beneficial? Do they cause cancer? Are they harmful to the liver? Do they lead to diabetes?’
5. Are herbal products harmful or beneficial?
Learning objectives: Response to the questions ‘Is there a role for herbal products in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention? Can we be harmful while hoping for benefits?’